ATP.2010.Atlanta.QF.Russell.vs.Isner 7/7

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What Causes Skin Aging? Making Sense of the Latest Research Findings

This is Part 1 of a 3-part series on the quest by scientists to find effective ways to fight skin aging. By understanding the leading cause of aging, mitochondrial decay, we can develop comprehensive solutions for long-term skin health.

Theories of aging

Aging is a consequence of changes that are harmful, progressive, and thus far irreversible in most living organisms, including humans. Age-associated damage occurs to biomolecules, cells, and organs. Diseases such as arthritis, osteoporosis, heart diseases, cancer, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease occur more frequently with old age.

The biochemical mechanism of aging has long been an area of intensive research, and a number of theories of aging have been proposed, including the neuro-endocrine theory, which links aging to hormonal changes; immunological theory, which attributes aging to immune system dysfunction; telomerase theory, which relates to the shortening of chromosomes during cell division; and oxidative stress theory, which refers to free radical damage to cells.

Among these theories, it is reasonable to distinguish those that attempt to establish primary causes of aging from those that are secondary. For example, the telomerase theory may be secondary since the decrease in telomerase activity can be caused by the increase in cellular oxidative stress.

In gerontology, the study of aging, oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as the primary cause of aging.

The role of mitochondrial decay in aging

If oxidative stress is indeed the primary factor in skin aging, it is important to understand its roots. Scientists now believe that oxidative stress may be caused by mitochondrial decay. Mitochondria, the chief producers of both energy and oxidants inside the cell, play a critical role in the process of aging.

As energy producers, mitochondria convert unusable forms of energy into a usable chemical form known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is required for all vital cellular chemical reactions throughout the body. During the metabolic cycle of ATP production, oxidants are released from the mitochondria as harmful by-products that can damage important biomolecules, such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. At the same time, the mitochondria themselves are also victims of this metabolic cycle of ATP production as they are highly susceptible to damage by the oxidants thus released.

Over time, largely due to cumulated damage by the oxidants, the functional capabilities of mitochondria deteriorate; the production of ATP declines; and the release of oxidants increases. The latter inflicts greater damage to the mitochondria, which in turn results in accelerated oxidant production. This is the vicious cycle of mitochondrial decay. If left unchecked, mitochondrial decay leads to cumulative damage in cellular biomolecules, resulting in a host of age-related diseases.

Effects of mitochondrial decay on the skin

The skin is the body's largest organ. The consequence of cumulative damage in skin cell biomolecules is a corresponding increase in the depletion of important extracellular components, such as collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid, among others. The loss of these significant components is manifested in the appearance of wrinkles, fine lines, droopiness, pigmentation, puffiness, skin inelasticity, enlarged pores, dryness, and a dull skin tone.

Conclusion

An increasing amount of scientific evidence confirms that mitochondrial decay is the fundamental cause of aging; therefore, scientists are endeavoring to find remedies to reverse the declining functional capabilities of mitochondria due to aging. In Parts 2 and 3 of this series, we will explore what scientists have accomplished in this direction.

More information on mitochondrial decay and theories of aging can be found at these independent websites:

• National Institutes of Health (http://nih.gov)
• PubMed (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)
• Natural Standard

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Roger Federer Winning Australian Open 2010 - My Tribute

Hi. i'm following Roger since the middle-end of 2007. Our Maestro knew alot of increases and downs (hope i spell it right) in the last years. If it's the EBV or the back pains, but Roger never stopped and prove to all the Critics and other people that he is the Greatest of all time. Hope you'll like the tribute, feel free to Comment, Rate and Subscribe :) GO Fed!!! *Special thanks goes to tennis4you forums. without them i couldn't make the video. thanks to all the members that helped me (specially Aces, tonaiden and Barreto101) and also BIG thanks to t3nnis.tv and tennishaven.com crews. disclaimer: this video, along with the audio, have been uploaded for entertainment purposes only, and both are ABSOLUTELY IN ACCORDANCE with fair use standards (section 107 of the US Copyright. Act).



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Rafael Nadal vs. Rainer Schuettler - BNP Paribas Open 2010

www.youtube.com/BNPParibasOpen - Rafael Nadal beat Rainer Schuetller in the second round of the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, California, on Saturday March 13. Video of the last point of the macth and when Nadal walks in into the press room for his post match press conference.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cG87piUGRCg&hl=en

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2009 ATP World Tour Finals - Semi Final: Davydenko vs Federer [HD] (part 2/2)

www.tennistube.tv - The #1 Source for Online Tennis Videos



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Creatine and Glutamine - Two Muscle Building Supplements to Power Up Your Workout

If you are doing the same workout routines and seem to achieve only mediocre results, why not try my two recommendations to power up your workout? In this article, I recommend two of the best supplements that can give a boost to your body to take your workouts to the next level: glutamine and creatine.

The first recommended supplement is the glutamine. This supplement is a bit expensive compared to other supplements but it is the best for muscle repair and to minimize muscle damage.

The reason for glutamine's effectiveness is due to the fact that glutamine, a certain type of amino acid, is naturally found in muscle tissues. Hence, taking this supplement is like directly pumping the amino acid building blocks into your muscles, promoting its speedy recovery from workouts. It is no surprise then that bodybuilders and athletes take glutamine supplements to minimize muscle damage and quickly recover from intense exercise sessions. When you recover fast from fatigue, you can intensify your workout more and more. The main issue, however, with this supplement is its price.

Another recommended supplement is the creatine, a naturally occurring chemical in the body. Creatine is one of the enzymes vital in the energy production in the cells. It basically gives more access to adenosine tri-phosphate or ATP, the molecule for storing energy.

When you are working out, your muscles use ATP for work. ATP then breaks down into ADP to release energy. When ADP reacts with the phosphate found in creatine, ATP is produced once again. When there is sufficient creatine, there is more ATP for the muscle's consumption. You can then intensify your workout and this will lead to more explosive growth of your muscles.

These two supplements are really effective in producing results through promoting more intense workout routines and minimizing muscle damage. These muscle building supplements are really vital to your success. These two are truly recommended.

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Barcelona 2010 Saturday Highlights

Watch Fernando Verdasco prevail in an all-Spanish semi-final with David Ferrer and Robin Soderling end Thiemo de Bakker's inspired run on Saturday at the Barcelona Open BancSabadell. <a href=" www.tennistv.comtarget="_blank">Watch Live Matches</a>. Video courtesy of <a href=" www.tennistv.com target="_blank">Tennis TV</a>, copyright ATP Media.



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