Hockey Training Intensity

A few years ago I was working with a junior hockey player during the off-season and he mentioned that his team would be doing some fitness testing in the middle of the off-season. He mentioned they would be doing some VO2 max tests. And I quickly thought back to a presentation I had attended at the NSCA conference that winter.

The presentation at the NSCA conference covered a few different sports but there was some research related to hockey. One of the points that stuck with me was that there is an optimal level for VO2 max in hockey. Exceeding this threshold results in detriments in power production. He made this point during the presentation because he spoke of an NHL team with a coach that was notorious for bag skating his team the day after a loss. The presenter argued that this would do more harm than good and would result in a slower, less explosive team.

So as the player I was working told me that he was about to perform a VO2 max test, I secretly hoped that he would be in the appropriate range. Meaning I didn't want to see his score soar up too much from previous years as this may lead to a slower, less explosive athlete.

After the test this player was somewhat dejected as his score was not as 'high' as previous years and actually fell off slightly. I smiled to myself and later filled this hockey player in on why this wasn't necessarily as bad thing. And then he went on to have his best year ever and make the move to the professional ranks.

At this point I'd better set the record straight that I'm not against VO2 max tests. It's just that we have to recognize what it is we are testing for and the value that the test plays in the game of hockey.

Besides VO2 max testing another useful test for hockey would be the anaerobic threshold test. When you are able to access oxygen for energy you can stay aerobic. However when the intensity rises and oxygen is no longer available your body utilizes anaerobic metabolism. The anaerobic energy pathways include ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis.

With anaerobic glycolysis the waste product is lactate. Lactate levels in the blood will depend on the rate of lactate production as well as how quickly it can be removed from the blood.

A recent study during an NCAA div I game attempted to correlate shift length to blood lactate levels. While they weren't able to do this due to the small sample size and the variability of the data they were able to provide some interesting data related to blood lactate levels.

Blood lactate levels during the game ranged between 4.4 and 13.7 mmol/L. To put this in perspective our blood lactate at rest would be about 1 mmol/L. The highest blood lactate levels were recorded during a 5 on 4 penalty kill when the lactates maxed out at 12.4 and 13.7 mmol/L. A previous study showed a range of 1.2 - 8.9 mmol/L when blood samples were collected within 3.8 minutes of the end of a hockey game.

So what does all this data tell us? It tells us that hockey is an intense game with a large degree of variability in anaerobic metabolism. While not demonstrated in the above paper there is strong reason to suggest that increased shift length corresponds to increased blood lactate.

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Training For a Mountain Bike Race

Mountain biking belongs to the category of sports that fills your need for adrenaline rush and excitement. From the moment you get on your mountain bikes until the time you rush downhill or cross country, you feel strong and free and you momentarily forget life's worries. You throw all caution to the wind, vulnerable yet unaffected by the elements that may come your path.

But of course you can't just get in there and engage in bicycle racing without at least considering the basics of this sport.

It all starts with sorting through an array of mountain bicycles for sale and choosing what's right for you. There are several classifications of mountain bikes with the differences between them centering on the setting where you'll use them. Cross Country Mountain Bikes are mainly suited for trails. Downhill Mountain Bikes are designed for downward riding. These bikes are more appropriate to use on elevations such as valleys or mountain sides where you partly use gravity to propel you.

Upon choosing the right mountain bicycle that would help you easily navigate your target terrains, you start off with addressing the fitness factor. You can't just jump in there and do difficult stunts without making sure your body is at par with the challenge. You need to be familiar with the three systems that our body uses in physical activity.

The first is the adenosine triphosphate or ATP system that gives our body the necessary boost to do a certain activity. In just a few seconds, we gradually lose this energy and it must be replenished in order for you to keep going. These exercises require major effort and so you must do them far and between.

The Anaerobic system doesn't require much effort and lasts a little longer than ATP. The goal of this training is to increase your body's lactic acid so that you can perform longer at the same time maintaining a high intensity.

The Aerobic system is a staple in cross country biking. It allows longer function than the first two energy systems and is thus more sustainable. Because it is much needed in bicycle racing, you need to invest a certain amount of time in Aerobic training.

This gives you an idea of the different systems that your body uses for physical activities. If you want to race you need to exercise these systems to enhance your fitness level. So not only do you need to make sure that your new or used bicycles are in order but you need to make sure your body can perform for the event.

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America's Top 3 Flight Training Schools

So, you want to become a pilot but you don't have a clue how to get started. Well, the first piece of advice is to attend a flight training school. There are many different flight training schools in America so finding a school is not difficult. But, if you want to attend one of the best then you will want to know about America's top three flight training schools. The following three flight training schools are considered by many to be the nation's top three. So, you could attend any one of them and get a great education and really learn how to fly.

Embry Riddle Aeronautical University

This flight training school is also a university and is great for individuals who want to be pilots but also want a four year degree. Graduates of this university are prepared to be pilots in every sense of the word. This university also prepares students for all types of jobs in the aviation field.

ATP

Airline Transport Professionals, also known as ATP, provide pilot training at schools across the nation. If you want to work in the airline field then ATP is the best flight training school for you because you will be trained in top of the line aircraft in an environment that is comparable to that of the airlines. Flights are cross country, in various weather conditions, as well as in high traffic areas to really teach the pilot in training how to be the best possible pilot in all situations.

Delta Connection Academy

The Delta Connection Academy is another of America's outstanding flight training schools. This school trains more FAA part 141 pilots than any other school in the nation. Additionally, since the Academy is owned by Delta it gives graduates an advantage of receiving a job with the company. Of course, graduates of this flight training school may work with any airline and the academy has successfully placed graduates with 26 different airlines worldwide. Pilots from more than 86 different countries have been trained by the Delta Connection Academy. The Delta Connection Academy was previously known as Comair Aviation Academy.

If you are considering one of these flight schools then keep in mind there are a few things you will need. First of all, you will want to buy a Telex headset or a Peltor headset to protect your hearing and ensure great communication. Other things you need to buy will be addressed by the training school. So, check out the above recommendations and start your flight training today!

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America's Top 3 Flight Training Schools

So, you want to become a pilot but you don't have a clue how to get started. Well, the first piece of advice is to attend a flight training school. There are many different flight training schools in America so finding a school is not difficult. But, if you want to attend one of the best then you will want to know about America's top three flight training schools. The following three flight training schools are considered by many to be the nation's top three. So, you could attend any one of them and get a great education and really learn how to fly.

Embry Riddle Aeronautical University

This flight training school is also a university and is great for individuals who want to be pilots but also want a four year degree. Graduates of this university are prepared to be pilots in every sense of the word. This university also prepares students for all types of jobs in the aviation field.

ATP

Airline Transport Professionals, also known as ATP, provide pilot training at schools across the nation. If you want to work in the airline field then ATP is the best flight training school for you because you will be trained in top of the line aircraft in an environment that is comparable to that of the airlines. Flights are cross country, in various weather conditions, as well as in high traffic areas to really teach the pilot in training how to be the best possible pilot in all situations.

Delta Connection Academy

The Delta Connection Academy is another of America's outstanding flight training schools. This school trains more FAA part 141 pilots than any other school in the nation. Additionally, since the Academy is owned by Delta it gives graduates an advantage of receiving a job with the company. Of course, graduates of this flight training school may work with any airline and the academy has successfully placed graduates with 26 different airlines worldwide. Pilots from more than 86 different countries have been trained by the Delta Connection Academy. The Delta Connection Academy was previously known as Comair Aviation Academy.

If you are considering one of these flight schools then keep in mind there are a few things you will need. First of all, you will want to buy a Telex headset or a Peltor headset to protect your hearing and ensure great communication. Other things you need to buy will be addressed by the training school. So, check out the above recommendations and start your flight training today!

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