Igneous Rocks

Igneous...ignite! And that's just what happens when igneous rocks form. Fiercely hot molten rock from deep inside the earth pushes its way out and lights everything in its path on fire. As the firey liquid cools, it forms igneous rocks.

Rock types are organized, or classified, according to how the rock formed. It's a pretty simple system and there are only three types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Their names give clues about how the rocks were formed.

Earth's Mantle

Under the crust is the fiery hot mantle. Saying that the mantle is fiery hot does it injustice. The coolest outer part of the mantle is about 1000 degrees Celsius (1800 degrees Fahrenheit). Here the rock is molten liquid, white hot.

All Magma is made up of a fairly uniform mixture of elements. Some of the major elements present are silica, iron, sodium, potassium, aluminum, magnesium, and gasses including water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulfur dioxide. These elements form chemical combinations that crystallize in patterns to form eight basic rock forming minerals. These eight minerals form most rock. They are olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, orthoclase, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, and quartz.

Igneous Rock Formation

Igneous rocks are formed from this molten magma. These rocks form when the magma cools and crystallizes. This can happen above ground as with volcanoes it is then called extrusive.

There are many kinds of volcanoes around the world. The materials that come from a volcano are different as well. We tend to lump them all under the term lava but rocks ranging from the very dense basalt to the very light pumice are just a part of what can come from a volcano. There is also ash, volcanic glass or obsidian, and the gem stone peridot to name a few.

The molten magma can also crystalize below the surface. When the molten rock rises in the crust but cools before it reaches the surface it is plutonic igneous rock and is categorized as intrusive.

Cool Enough

When the magma reaches the surface it cools quickly, a matter of days or weeks.
When the magma forms pockets underground it cools much more slowly. This could take thousands or even millions of years.

The rate at which the magma cools determines the kind of rocks that are formed. Faster cooling surface lava creates rock that is fine grained or aphanitic. The rapid cooling doesn't allow large crystals to form. I addition most of the gasses are driven off into the atmosphere.

The slower cooling that takes place underground allows larger crystal formation. Granite is an example of this type of rock formation.

Other igneous rocks are pumice, scoria, gabbro, basalt, ryolite, dacite, andesite and obsidian.

Rocks are, after all, the history books of the earth's extremely long life. The conditions during the formation of the earth left marks that one can learn to read, thereby discovering what happened to make a particular kind of rock in a particular place at a particular time.

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Rafael Nadal Practices in Indian Wells 2010

Title says it all. Please visit my tennis blog: www.dailychuckle.typepad.com/tennistoday



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTzgtf7jZbI&hl=en

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Got Low Energy? New Formulated Max ATP 3 Energy Drink - Energize Your Cells

We live in a crazy world, fast passe demanding society. For most of us relying our every energy production to keep us going just isn't in the cards anymore. We all wake up tired, get home from work crash, then go to bed exhausted. Does this make sense? Should this be happening to me? Those are good question let me explain the answers to these question in more detail below.

As I mentioned earlier low energy a very common limitation around the world. Low energy will limit you from many activities and prevent you from preforming at your best. If only there was a pill or maybe even a delicious drink you could have everyday to keep your cells running at optimal performance. Over the last 25 years world renowned scientist Dr. Herbert Nagasawa has crated just that. He created an energy drink that will flip the health and wellness industry upside down. I confidently believe this this statement because Max ATP is the only energy drink powered by Riboceine. The simple fact that this drink gives your body what it needs to produce sustained and consistent energy at the cellular level while also fighting against free radicals generated in the production of ATP is what sets this drink at the top of its class.

What is ATP and How does it Work?

That is a good question. Most of us out there have no idea or we just simply cannot remember. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is your body's most basic form of energy and is produced in every cell of your body. It powers our cells, organs, and everything else in our bodies. Many different components are required to produce ATP.

ATP in our bodies is like the battery in a car. Everything in the car is relies on the energy from the battery. When the battery power runs low, the lights in the car begin to dim and the performance of the car starts to decline. However, when the battery power is re-charged or restored, performance returns to normal and the car functions exactly how it was designed.

The car example tides in perfect with what increased levels of ATP at the cellular level and how it may affect you. You always make sure your battery is charged how come you do not refuel or recharge your cells?

No one should be subject to limitation or allowing themselves to walk around with low energy.

The Power of Riboceine and What makes this Different!

Max ATP does what other common energy drinks cannot because of RiboCeine, a scientific breakthrough compound exclusive to Max International which provides key benefits tied to cellular energy and ATP production.

First Advantage, is that it effectively protects and delivers the delicate cysteine molecule to the cell. Cysteine is often in small supply in the body, but is an essential component needed for the production of glutathione, the mother of all antioxidants in the body. Glutathione is extremely important due to its unique ability to protect the cell and cell walls, where energy is created and stored.

Second Advantage, RiboCeine will deliver ribose, a natural compound required for ATP, the basic form of cellular energy found in the body.

Max ATP 3 therefore provides your body what it needs to produce, sustain, and consistent energy at the cellular level while also fighting against free radicals generated in the production of ATP in the body. This process cleans up what others leave behind, supporting perfect health of each and every cell you have.

Unlike all other energy drinks such as Monster or Redbull, Max ATP provides a dynamic solution to the energy creation, support, and protection needs of your body to help you live a happy and hols om life.

The ultimate clean energy drink.

• Fuels ATP production by providing optimal amounts of ribose, a critical ATP precursor
• Replenishes energy reserves and helps fight fatigue
• Eliminates free radicals
• Builds ATP in heart and muscles
• Helps with the conversion of food to energy
• Increases vitality
• Features RiboCeine to support production of glutathione to neutralize many different types of free radicals

At the end of the day is it really worth leaving your cells unprotected and running on partial throttle? Increase you energy while energizing your cells for optimal results. Your body will thank you.

Learn more about Max ATP here.

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WTA Warsaw Open Final Highlights 23/05/09

Romania's Alexandra Dulgheru successfully defended her WTA Warsaw Open title by beating Chinese fifth seed Zheng Jie. To watch live tennis visit www.tennistv.com



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeA4tGt1reE&hl=en

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Free Homeschool Science Curriculum - The Microwave Soap Experiment

We see changes all around us. The rusting of an iron object, the ripening of fruit, making of ice cubes, breaking of glass, baking of a cake, the burning of firewood or the souring of milk can teach us a lot about the types of changes that take place around us. I usually include such daily-life examples in homeschool curriculum so that children can learn using everyday occurrences and at the same time know why things change.

When you make ice out of water in a refrigerator, a new substance is not formed. The substance is the same: water. The only difference is that it has changed from liquid state to solid state. This change can be reversed by melting the ice cubes back into water. This type of change is called physical change.
 
When firewood burns, it turns into ash, a new substance. Furthermore, it is impossible to change ash back into wood. Therefore it is a chemical change. These are all occurrences that your child has experienced, and they can bring alive the homeschool curriculum.
 
When a fruit ripens, there is a change in taste and color, indicating that there has been some chemical change. A ripe fruit cannot become raw again, making this an irreversible change. What types of change occurs when glass breaks, when iron rusts or when milk sours?
 
The following experiment can teach us about change and lots more.
 
The Microwave Soap Experiment: You will need an Ivory soap for this experiment. Other soaps will not work as well or may not work at all. Take a microwave-safe dish and place a bar of Ivory soap on it. Place the dish in a microwave oven and run the oven for two to three minutes. Something magical happens!
 
You will notice that beginning from the point where the microwaves converge, the soap begins to foam. The volume of the foam increases within the next minute or so, and becomes about five times the volume of the soap bar. Don't touch the soap till it cools down.
 
Your eyes saw a change. Now touch the soap and find out if it was a physical change or a chemical change. Has the substance changed? Use it with some water and find out if the properties have changed.
 
When the microwaves heat up the air and water contained in the soap, air expands and water turns into vapor. The soap, which is softened by now, expands while trapping air bubbles inside it. As the soft soap expands it forms foam. This is a quick and safe experiment that could add meaning to your homeschool curriculum.
 
Now compare the above experiment to the baking of a cake. When you bake a cake, you mix flour, eggs, essence, sugar and other ingredients into the batter. The end product is something new: a delicious cake. Now, you cannot get the sugar or the eggs or the flour back in their original form. This irreversible reaction is called a chemical reaction.
 
Check out the free "Homeschool Parent's Guide to Teaching Science", for more great science experiments and activities, click the link below.

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Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1)

Vitamins help your body in one way or another. When you want to convert your food into energy, vitamins of the B group effectively do just that. Most food that you eat contains carbohydrates. Without the means of using this food as energy, you will not be able to do anything at all.

The job of Vitamin B is to convert carbohydrates into fuel which is glucose. This undergoes another process which then produces energy. That simple concept is the foundation of your body's metabolism and the functioning of your nervous system. Vitamin B is also important because it also maintains your skin, eyes, hair, and liver.

There are 8 variants of the B vitamins and Thiamine is one of them. It is also known as Thiamine mononitrate. People are more familiar with it being Vitamin B1. This is aptly named because it was the first B vitamin to be discovered.

Thiamine mononitrate is considered to be one of nature's stress relievers. This is evident because it strengthens your immune system and fortifies you body from any stressful conditions that may occur. Moreover, this supplement is very important in the metabolism process. It is an important asset that will form adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is needed by every cell in the body for energy.

The lack of thiamine mononitrate in the body causes fatigue, depression, irritability and even abdominal discomfort. Since this substance converts carbohydrates, a deficiency of this particular vitamin causes problems in carbohydrate digestion. Other effects of thiamine deficiency cause pyruvic acid, a substance in the bloodstream, to build up. This can result in difficulty of breathing, loss of mental alertness, heart damage, or even beriberi.

In order to prevent this from happening, you should maintain a healthy supply of thiamine mononitrate in your diet. Although most foods contain the vitamin in small amounts, you can find a good supply of thiamine mononitrate in pork and organ meats. Also, rice, legumes, wheat germ, and cereals are some examples of food that contain the vitamin.

You should be able to maintain the levels of thiamine mononitrate in your body so that you can benefit from its positive effects. If you fail to do so, then your body may be at risk for harmful diseases.

Thiamine mononitrate is an important source of energy for your body. If you want to stay healthy, then you should make sure that what you eat contains this necessary vitamin.

For more information on this supplement, please log on to: http://purebulk.com/thiamine-mononitrate-vit-b1

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Madrid 2010 Wednesday Highlights Day

Rafael Nadal begins his quest for his 18th ATP World Tour Masters 1000 title on Wednesday in Madrid, while Ernests Gulbis and Nicolas Almagro account for two seeds in second-round action. <a href=" www.tennistv.comtarget="_blank">Watch Live Matches</a>. Video courtesy of <a href=" www.tennistv.com target="_blank">Tennis TV</a>, copyright ATP Media.



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